Class 9 /10
Active And Passive voice
अंग्रेजी भाषा में Voice दो प्रकार की होती है।
1-. Active voice
2- Passive voice
Active voice मे कर्ता स्वयं कार्य करता है। अर्थात कर्ता को प्रधानता दी जाती है ।
Passive voice मैं कर्म को प्रधानता दी जाती है ।
Active voice से passive voice बनाने के सामान्य नियम
Rule 1-. Active voice से passive voice बनाते समय object को Subject तथा Subject को Object के स्थान पर लिख देते हैं तथा Object के पहले by लिख देते हैं ।
Active: My mother cooks the food.
Passive: The food is cooked by my mother .
Rule 2- दिए हुए Verb का past participle बनाकर उसके पहले उसी tense का verb 'to be ' (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being) का रूप लिख देते हैं ।
Subject यदि pronoun हो तो उसे निम्न प्रकार से बदल देते हैं --
I को by me
We को by us
You को by you
He को by him
She को by her
It को by it
They को by them
1- Present Indefinite Tense
Examples
1- I do my work. ( passive )
My work is done by me .
2- She does not play carrom.(passive)
Carrom is not played by her.
3- Does he not sing songs? (Passive)
Are songs not sung by him?
4-Who helps you ?(passive)
By whom are you helped?
5- Why do they beat him?( Passive)
Why is he beaten by them?
2-. Past Indefinite Tense
Examples
1-The little girls greeted the chief guest . (Passive)
The chief guest was greeted by the little girls .
2- We did not like a notorious person. (Passive)
A notorious person was not liked by us.
3- Did she help us ? (Passive)
Were we helped by her ?
4- Who called the police ?(passive)
By whom were the police called?
5- Did you not invite them? (Passive)
Were they not invited by you ?
3-. Future Indefinite Tense
Examples-
1- I shall assist him .(passive)
He will be assisted by me .
2-. She will not pay the bill.(passive)
The bill will not be paid by her.
3- Will the police arrest them.(passive)
Will they not be arrested by the police ?
4-. When will he buy a new car .?(passive)
When will a new car be bought by him ?
5- Shall we not play chess ? (Passive)
Will chess not be played by us ?
4- Present continuous Tense
Passive voice rules
Object+am,is,are+verb 3rd +by Sub.
Examples
1- I am doing my work. (Passive)
My work is being done by me.
2- You are not teasing her.(Passive)
She is not being teased by you .
3- Are they calling the servant ? (Passive)
Is the servant being called by them?
4- Who is insulting this gentle man ? (Passive)
By whom is this gentleman being insulted ?
5- Are the girls not playing Kho kho ? (Passive)
Is Kho kho not being played by the girls ?
5- Past Continuous Tense
Passive Voice Rules
Object+was,were+being +verb 3rd + by +Subject
Examples--
1-She was stealing my purse . ( (Passive)
My purse was being stolen by her .
2- I was not making kites . (Passive)
Kites were not being made by me.
3-Was he not praising the students ? (Passive)
Were the students not being praised by him ?
4- Who was praising the criminal ? (Passive)
By whom was the criminal being praised ?
5- Whom was he catching ? (Passive)
Who was being caught by him ?
6-. Present Perfect Tense
Passive voice rules
Object+has been/have been +verb 3rd + by+ Subject .
Examples-
1- I have received your mail. (Passive)
Your mail has been received by me.
2- She has not written the essay.(Passive)
The essay has not been written by her .
3- Has he deceived you ? (Passive)
Have you been deceived by him ?
4- Who has burnt these papers ? (Passive)
By whom have these papers been burnt ?
5- What has she eaten today ?(Passive)
What has been eaten by her ?
7-. Past perfect Tense
Passive voice rules
Object+had been+verb 3rd+by+ Subject
Examples-
1-He had taken food before I came.(Passive)
Food had been taken by him before I came .
2- The farmers had not thrashed the grain before it rained .(Passive)
The grain had not been thrashed by the farmers before It rained .
3-Who had saved the life of the swan ? (Passive)
By whom had the life of the swan been saved ?
8-. Future perfect Tense
Passive voice rules--
Object+will have been/shall have been+verb 3rd +by+subject+other words .
Examples--
1-I shall have completed the work by tomorrow . (Passive)
The work will have been completed by me by tomorrow .
2- She will not have written the essay before we suggest her . (Passive)
The essay will not have been written by her before we suggest her .
3- Who will have beaten the boys ? (Passive)
By whom will the boys have been beaten ?
Note.--. passive voice केवल Transitive verb की ही बनती है Intransitive verb की नही।
विशेष --१- Surprised, astonished, disappointed, distressed, displeased तथा alarmed के पश्चात् Passive Voice में 'at' का प्रयोग होता है।
Examples -
1- Your intelligence surprised me.(passive)
I was surprised at your intelligence
2-
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